THE ENGLISH-SLOVENE LANGUAGE CONTACT : BORROWING OF PERSONAL NAMES 1

The article aims to shed some light on the growing tendency of Slovene native speakers towards borrowing English personal names when naming new-born children. Some historical overview of the borrowing of English personal names into Slovene is given, starting with lists compiled from 1931 onwards, established from the data supplied by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS). The phenomenon of borrowing personal names is discussed from the point of view of pragmatic borrowing as advocated by G. Andersen (2014), taking into account the traditional distinction between necessary loans on the one hand and luxury loans on the other. The article illustrates how in the case of personal names, ‘exoticisms’ (e.g. Alex, Liam, Kevin, Kim, Ian, Vanessa, Adrian, Ella, Emma, Patrick, Nick, Alan, Lucas , listed among the most popular 200 first names in the 2001–2013 period) compete with name forms that have been adapted and nativised long ago (e.g. Patrik ), or are currently being introduced for the first time into Slovene. In these recent borrowings, the foreign forms undergo some adaptation, but at the same time, unlike other anglicisms, show the tendency to resist complete adaptation, particularly in terms of spelling and pronunciation. Such pragmatically borrowed items carry significant sociolinguistic signals about the borrowers’ attitudes, and these are briefly commented on.

and Nick, with Diana, Samanta, Alan, and Sabrina still persevering among the top 200.The statistical list for 2001-2013 shows new additions, such as Zara, Liam, Ian and Emma featuring among the top 200.Given that naming a newborn child is one of the most intimate events in a family's life -why do parents feel the need to introduce a foreign(-language) element into this act?

A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF BORROWING OF PERSONAL NAMES
IN SLOVENIA The phenomenon of borrowing personal names is, naturally, not limited to Slovenia.It has been observed elsewhere in Europe (cf.Lenarčič 2012: 886).In Denmark, for example, certain English name equivalents are currently found to be more attractive than the traditional Danish forms, so William tops the list of names of newborn male children for 2014 (www.dst.dk/en).The form William peaked between 2006 and 2010, but remains immensely popular, unlike the Danish variant Vilhelm, which has also been on the rise, but is far less popular than the English form (www.dst.dk/en).Similarly, the English form Henry has experienced a sharp rise in popularity since 2011 over the traditional Danish form Henrik, which has been on a steady decline since 1985, but nevertheless remains the fifth most common name of the total Danish male population (www.dst.dk/en). 3The British themselves have had to come to terms with an influx of foreign personal names, such as Gemma, Irene, or Claire. 4nother fact that needs to be mentioned here is that the phenomenon of borrowing personal names has had a long tradition in the Slovene culture.Many names of foreign origin have been present in this area for such a long time that they are no longer felt to be foreign at all.Among these we find numerous Biblical names and names of saints that have been fully adapted into Slovene (e.g.Simon, Peter, Janez, Luka, Andrej; Barbara, Katarina, Tomaž), and that can be found in variant forms in most other European languages in countries with Christian tradition.Also borrowed centuries ago and completely adapted are some German names which testify to a strong influence of the German culture on practically the entire Slovene territory (e.g.Albert, Rudolf, Valter, Ernest, Vilma, Oto, Karel, Herman, Ferdinand, Ida, Adela, Erna, Amalija, Irma).Most of these names are no longer popular as names given to newborns, and are mainly found among the elderly Slovene population, with the exception of Oto, which is currently on the rise (see SURS).While names of German(ic) origin can be found throughout Slovenia, certain name borrowings of Italian (e.g. Ariana, Renato, Bruno) and Hungarian (e.g.Aranka, Zoltan, Lajoš) origins remain restricted to the bordering areas of Primorska and Prekmurje respectively (see SURS).Along with German names, some names that originate in Greek or Latin have been present for a long time and have become completely nativised (e.g.Aleksander, Roman, Emilija, Ambrož, Dijana, Ksenija, Mohor, Irena).Later additions include names from Slavic languages (e.g.Igor, Vanja, Mitja, Uroš, Stanislav, Ivan, Nataša), which are also no longer felt to be foreign at all and are by now deeply rooted.Some of these newer additions to the pool of personal names are variants of the older forms; thus, Nataša co-exists along with Natalija, and Ivan with Janez.
During the recent decades, however, increasing numbers of new names of foreign origin have entered lists of birth in Slovenia.Although some of these have become quite familiar (e.g.Karin, Karmen, Ines, Ingrid, Ula, Arne), others remain exotic and decidedly foreign, particularly if their spellings include non-Slovene characters (e. g.Alex, Max as opposed to Aleks(ander), Maks(imiljan)), a hiatus (e.g.Mia, Tia, Dorian, Laura, Diana instead of the more homely Mija, Tija, Dorijan, Lavra, Dijana), or double lettering (e.g.Vanessa, Ulla, Ella, Emma).The current trend in naming newborns in Slovenia therefore seems to be: the more foreign(-sounding and looking), the better.Another apparent trend is the brevity of names, as increasing numbers of three-or four-letter names dominate the lists.Furthermore, there is a trend towards usage of imaginative names that are created by parents themselves and have no etymological background (see also Lenarčič 2012: 891), but are simply fashionable in a particular period and will probably go out of use after some time (e.g.Nal, Amar, Nia, Din, Lian, Naj, Ajna, Nejla, Nej, to list just a few from the 2001-2013 top 200-name list).

PRAGMATIC BORROWING AND PERSONAL NAMES
Borrowing, particularly borrowing from English into other languages, has attracted a great deal of attention within linguistics from the 1950s onwards, starting with the pioneers of contact linguistics Haugen (1950) and Weinreich (1953).English as the world's lingua franca and the popularity of Anglo-American culture practically throughout the world have resulted in English exerting a major influence on other languages, particularly in lexical fields such as science and technology, business, sports, fashion, foods, modern culture, etc. (see also Andersen 2014: 17).Naturally, research on anglicisms has mostly dealt with lexis and terminology, but has, in recent decades, begun to move beyond the word level and has started to include pragmatic and stylistic elements (see, for example, Prince 1988, Onysko 2009, Treffers-Daller 2010).It is now widely acknowledged that borrowings can convey a broad range of stylistic and pragmatic effects (cf.also Onysko andWinter-Froemel 2011: 1550).So far, most of the pragmatic research on anglicisms has focused on the borrowing of interjections or some other discourse features of a source language (SL) into a recipient language (RL) (see Andersen 2014: 17 ff and his overview), but Andersen argues for a broader definition of pragmatic borrowing that also includes associated speaker attitudes, taking into account 'sociolinguistic aspects' and considering 'relevant demographic predictors and factors such as register and style ' (cf. Andersen 2014: 18, 24).
The reorientation towards the pragmatic aspects of borrowing has resulted in more research on contextual factors that motivate the use of borrowed lexemes, 'such as the attitudes, symbolic values and prestige associated with the SL culture' (Andersen 2014: 21).Pragmatically borrowed items carry important signals about the borrower's attitudes.The influence of English on present-day Slovene (and most other European languages) is a case of remote or intermediary language contact.Thus, 'language contact generally lacks immediate speaker contact' (Onysko 2007: 44), but English is nevertheless continuously present through popular culture on Slovene territory.By borrowing English personal names (along with other borrowings from English), Slovene speakers also participate in global trends, but such borrowing is done idiosyncratically and in a locally specific manner (see also Buchstaller 2008: 26).
The stylistic and pragmatic views on the study of anglicisms probably started with Galinsky (1967), who researched the stylistic and functional motivation for the use of anglicisms in German. 5A recent study made by Onysko and Winter-Froemel (2011) explores the pragmatic motivations for lexical borrowing in more detail, and has yielded some findings which can, to some degree, also be applied to the borrowing of English personal names.Many studies on linguistic borrowing (see, for example, an overview of these in Onysko andWinter-Froemel 2011: 1551) make a distinction between necessary loans and luxury loans; this distinction is mainly based on whether the RL already contains a word that can be considered a semantic equivalent of the borrowed term or not.Naturally, this distinction has mainly been applied to usual lexical borrowings and not to personal names.But borrowing of names is also related to linguistic innovation, and the main motive for it is to be found in the prestige/fashion of the SL culture.
When a personal name is borrowed, this is clearly an example of luxury borrowing, particularly if we bear in mind the huge numbers of various male and female names at disposal that already exist in the language.It is, however, difficult to explain the motivation for the choice of a borrowed form over a native one in strictly linguistic terms.By choosing a foreign name, the parents try to introduce some local colour of the SL culture into their own.Once a borrowed form becomes popular and frequent, its markedness begins to disappear; that is why we find loanword-exoticism doublets such as Patrik and Patrick, the former so 'naturalised' that it was borrowed anew as Patrick in the 1990s (similar examples include Zofija/Sofija and Sofia, Ela and Ella, Sara and Sarah).The reasons for such borrowing may be sociolinguistically diverse, but in the case of English names used in Slovenia the influence of pop culture and media is probably of primary importance.6Thus, parents' bilingualism is no longer a prerequisite for borrowing.

3.1
English personal names in Slovenia It is difficult to establish the time of the first language contact between English and Slovene with any certainty, but the indirect contact between these two languages was certainly carried out via the intermediary German language and this took place centuries ago.The German language has, for a very long time, played the role of the intermediary language in the process of borrowing from English into Slovene.While this is immediately observable in the pronunciation and the spelling of some anglicisms that have found their way into the Slovene vocabulary via German (e.g.English: sprint [sprɪnt] > German: Sprint [ʃprint] > Slovene: šprint [šprint]), the German influence is also noticeable in some personal names borrowed into Slovene long ago that can be traced back to their British origin. 7Below, a selection of English first names that have been borrowed into Slovene is presented.
Oswald One of such early borrowings from English is the name Ožbalt and its variant Ožbolt, which entered from the German form Oswald, and this can be traced back to the English name Oswald and its Old-English (OE) form Osweald.8 Several churches, particularly in Koroška and Štajerska, were consecrated to this saint as early as the 12 th century, so the name must have been familiar to at least part of the Slovene population since. 9The name has produced several shortened forms such as Ožbe/Ožbej/ Ožbi, and variants Ožbald/Ožbold/Osvald/Ozvald.The forms Ožbald/Ožbold/Ožbalt are extremely rare, the form Ožbolt is rare, but has resurfaced since 1991 as a name for newborns, and remains limited to Koroška and Gorenjska.Interestingly, the traditional Carinthian form Ožbej has gained ground since 1981, and has been on the rise in 2001-2013 (ranking as high as 71 st of all male newborn names in that period); while it is still mostly used in Koroška and Gorenjska, it has also spread to most other regions in Slovenia.Ožbej can serve as a classic example of a name that has been so completely adapted and nativised that its origin is felt to be native Slovene, particularly on account of the typical Carinthian ending -ej.
Edward Another early borrowing is Edvard, originating in the English name Edward (OE: Ēadweard).It has spread successfully throughout Europe and already ap-pears in the almanacs by Vodnik (1795-1797) (Lenarčič 2012: 201), no doubt having made its entrance into Slovene via German.The name was recorded before 1930 and has been present ever since, its popularity peaked between 1931 and 1960; the name has been on steady decline since 1960, its ranking is highest in Štajerska and Primorska, and it is currently ranking in the 98 th place of all male names in Slovenia.The name has produced shortened variants Edo/Edi.Edwin The name of Edvin can be traced back to the English name Edwin (OE: Eadwine).The name has been present since 1941, and ranked 183 rd in 1991-2000.Its currency was highest in Primorska.Lenarčič (2012: 202) argues that this name is also popular among the Muslim population living in Slovenia, on account of its similarity to traditional Muslim names beginning in Ed-and/or ending in -in. 11 The personal names mentioned above are not really felt to be English at all by the speakers of Slovene.Some names that are to be dealt with below have been more recent additions to the pool of personal names used in Slovenia, but have also gone completely native on account of their frequency/popularity and their form, which has allowed for unproblematic spelling and pronunciation (e.g.Robert, Alan).Some others remain decidedly foreign-sounding in the ears of many Slovene native speakers.
Patrick Another saint name that originates from the British Isles, but seems to have gained popularity only recently, is Patrik, derived from the English form Patrick and going back to Latin Patricius.It had probably been known as the name of the Irish saint and as such appeared in various Slovene almanacs and in calendars, but had not been 10 Lenarčič (2012: 200) cites shortened variants such as Eda/Ditka/Dita, though the latter two are probably more frequently used as shortenings of the name Judita.The currency of Eda seems somewhat limited, it is only in Primorska that it has joined the top 200 names (181 st place); the form was recorded by the national statistics before 1930, but has remained rare since, has even disappeared for a decade and then resurfaced in 2001-2013, probably due to the popularity of short three-letter names (similar to Oto and Edi mentioned before).
11 Lenarčič (2012: 885) argues that names given to their children by Slovene citizens of Bosnian or Albanian origin remain foreign-sounding as they are used to 'express and retain their religious and national identity'.It appears, however, that names such as Tarik and Lejla are now used beyond the Muslim community (see also Alan On the other hand, we may find some very popular names whose origins are somewhat uncertain or mixed, but their popularity can undoubtedly be attributed to the influence of the English-speaking culture.A fairly popular male name in Slovenia is Alan, whose origin is either Breton or other Celtic.The name was first recorded between 1961 and 1970, and then made it to the top 200 male names; it ranked 134 th in 1971-1980, 137 th in 1981-1990, 136 th in 1991-2000, and 162 nd between 2001 and 2013, its popularity prevailing in Primorska.Its popularity was even surpassed by the variant Alen, which ranked 77 th between 1971 and 1980, 35 th between 1981 and 1990,  25 th between 1991 and 2000, and 39 th in 2001-2013.The name is popular throughout Slovenia, but prevails in the Littoral (32 nd place).However, the form Alen is particularly popular among the Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian-Muslim population living in Slovenia (see also Lenarčič and his explanation of the use of the name in ex-Yugoslavia in Lenarčič 2012: 30-31).
Robert The name Robert has been present in Slovene prior to 1930 and can be traced back to the German, French and English name Robert or its Latinised variant Robertus.It originates in Old High German Hrodebert and had existed in OE as Hrēodbēorht, Hrodberht, Hrēodbēorð, Hroedboerð, Hroedberð before the Normans brought the Old French form Robert. Similarly, the name must have been known among Slovenes in an older form Rupert (from Germanic Hrodberht).It was an immensely popular name for male newborns in Slovenia for two decades, between 1961 and 1980, when it ranked 4 th among all male names.It has experienced some decline in popularity since, but has always ranked among the top 200 names.It has been frequent all over Slovenia, and is presently in the 19 th place of all male names.It has produced a shortened form Robi, which has been quite popular since 1971 and can be found throughout Slovenia.The variant Robin is rarely used, but has been constantly present since 1961 when it was first recorded.The form Robin can also be found used as a female name, but this is even rarer.
Kim The origin of the name Kim is even more opaque.In English, it can be both a male and female name, and traced back to the OE form Cyneburh. Another, less possible, influence is the novel Kim by Rudyard Kipling, in which the hero Kim (shortened from the name Kimball) is a boy.In Slovenia, the name is used exclusively as a female name, it was first recorded in 1981-1990, then took a sharp rise between 1991 and 2000 when it made it to the 108 th place among the top 200 girl's names, and rose even further up to 87 th rank in 2001-2013.It seems to be somewhat more popular in the Littoral than elsewhere in Slovenia. 14lvis The next group of English names that have been borrowed into Slovene owe their inclusion to the influence of a prominent personality from the English-speaking culture.One of such outstanding examples is the name Elvis (the etymology of this name is not transparent, the origin may be the Irish form Ailbhe).It was first recorded as a name in Slovenia between 1961 and 1970, experienced a sharp rise in popularity  between 1971 and 1990 (ranking 99 th in 1971-1980 and 62 nd in 1981-1990).There was some decline between 1991 and 2000 (but still 107 th rank), after 2000 it left the list of the top 200 boy names.Its appearance can undoubtedly be linked to the popularity of Elvis Presley (peaking between 1953 and 1970), but afterwards the name has obviously caught on among the Muslim population of Slovenia irrespective of Presley's fame.Its rankings are highest in the Littoral and Zasavje (both regions have a dense Muslim population) and its use peaked well after Presley's death in 1977.Lenarčič (2012: 213) attributes its popularity among the Muslims to its similarity to some traditional Muslim names beginning in E(l)-and ending in -is, such as Enis (compare Edvin above).
Diana The name Diana and its variant Dijana have been known among Slovenes since the 1930s, the origin, of course, goes back to Roman mythology.Both forms were first recorded between 1931 and 1940.Diana was rare before 1961 when it first made it to the top 200 names (179 th in 1961-1970, 161 st in 1971-1980).Then came a sudden rise in popularity between 1981 and 1990 (114 th rank) and between 1991 and 2000 (106 th rank), coinciding with the strong media presence of Princess Diana throughout the 1980s and the 1990s.Some decline has been apparent since (181 st rank for 2001-2013), probably attributable to Princess Diana's death in 1997.This name form can be found throughout Slovenia, but particularly in the South and South-East of Slovenia.The more homely variant Dijana reappeared in the statistics in 1951-1960, and made it to the top 200 names in the following periods (134 th in 1971-1980, then 74 th  in 1981-1990, 129 th in 1991-2000).Again, a drop in use is recorded for 2001-2013.The nativised form prevails in Gorenjska and Zasavje and in Central Slovenia.This trend of borrowing British royal names is probably comparable to the popularity of Edvard (see above) in the 1930s and the following decades, and may continue with 1971-1980 to the 51 st place, then 12 th place in 1981-1990, and 1 st place since 1991 onwards).Both Lukas and Lucas were first recorded statistically between 1991 and 2000.While Lukas rose to 84 th place between 2001 and 2013 (its highest ranking reached in Prekmurje), the English variant Lucas is somewhat rarer (but still ranking 195 th in 2001-2013, and, again, with the highest ranking reached in Prekmurje).Interestingly, an earlier variant, Lukež, known from Slovene literature, is not statistically recorded at all.

Adaptation of English personal names in Slovene
In some aspects, borrowed personal names from English conform to the rules that apply to the borrowing of anglicisms in general.However, it turns out that in some other aspects they resist adaptation to retain their foreignness as prestige borrowings.
Most borrowed English personal names undergo complete adaptation and are, as a result, totally integrated into the language system of Slovene.This is to be expected: once given, a name is, after all, used on a daily basis and is not an occasional exoticism used to pep up an informal conversation with some 'local colouring'.Thus, their foreignness becomes blurred and they are, consequently, pronounced, written and declined as any other Slovene name.This is the case with all old borrowings (e.g.Robert, Edvin, Edita) and some recent ones, especially if their forms allow for non-problematic pronunciations and spellings (e.g.Kevin, Lana, Sabrina, Zara).Thus, borrowed female names that end in -a (Sabrina, Lana) enter the first nominal declension pattern for feminine nouns.However, borrowed female names not ending in -a enter the third nominal declension pattern with zero case endings.Such female names have been in use for a long time (e.g.Ines, Karmen, Karin, Iris, Lili, Doris), so all English-derived additions such as Kim or Melani also conform to this pattern.Morphologically, male names in Slovene as a rule enter the first masculine nominal declension pattern (e.g.Janez, Jakob), some also the second masculine nominal declension pattern (e.g.Miha, Luka).As for the borrowings, in all male names borrowed from English the first declension pattern is applied (e.g.Patrik -Patrik-a (genitive)).Shortened name forms ending in the vowel -i add -j-before the final case ending in non-nominative cases (e.g.Robi-j-a, Edi-j-a in the genitive).
Phonologically, the adaptation of English names may remain incomplete in some of the more recent borrowings, on the grounds of remaining fashionable and prestigious in their foreign sound, but there is a tendency towards complete phonological adaptation, in which individual English phonemes are sought to be replaced by their nearest equivalents from the Slovene phonemic system.The written form is, however, crucial to the pronunciation of the borrowed name by Slovene speakers as in Slovene every grapheme, as a rule, has its own pronunciation and represents one phoneme.Consequently, the formation of the phonological form of the borrowed name is mainly modelled on its spelling.Nevertheless, it is to be expected that Melani and Melanie are actually pronounced in exactly the same way by Slovene users, and that the pronunciation of Samantha is no different from that of Samanta, due to the fact that the English dental fricative /θ/ is totally absent from the Slovene phonological system and therefore regularly replaced by its nearest equivalent phoneme /t/ in the transphonemisation pro-cess.The most notable phonological changes appear in the vowels.Thus, the English close-mid to open-mid front /e/ is usually replaced by close /e/ in Slovene, the frontto-central and close to close-mid /ɪ/ is replaced by the front close /i/, and the schwa /ǝ/ is replaced by /a/: Melanie ['melǝnɪ] > ['melani], Kevin ['kevɪn] > ['kevin], Ella ['elǝ] > ['ela].However, since increasing numbers of Slovene speakers are familiar with the original pronunciations of these names due to their bilingualism (or some command of the English language), variant pronunciation forms with open /ɛ/ can also be heard, thus ['mɛlani], ['kɛvin], and ['ɛla].The forms with close vowels seem to be mainly used by the older generation and/or users not too familiar with English.The pronunciations of Liam and Ian are also changed: [lɪǝm] > ['lijam]; [ɪǝn] > ['ijan]; the English diphthong /ɪǝ/ is replaced by the group /ija/.The same goes for Diana -in this case, the phonological form of the borrowing is based solely on the spelling: the English pronunciation [daɪ'aenǝ] is replaced by [di'jana] in Slovene.
The spellings of some of the fashionable prestige borrowings of the last decade are the most resistant to complete adaptation.If the parents opt for a foreign name for their offspring, then at least the spelling is sought to be preserved to set the baby apart from the rest of the children, therefore Max instead of Maks, Lucas instead of Luka(s), Alex instead of Aleks, Ella instead of Ela, and Nick instead of Nik.

Potential of borrowed English personal names
It was already established earlier that the borrowing of English personal names into Slovene is not a recent phenomenon.However, the question remains as to whether these latest imports, which may still sound unusual in the ears of many Slovenes, are to be integrated into the Slovene language as successfully as Robert was in the past.Do they possess the potential to oust traditional or established names or are they to remain marginal borrowings, fashionable and prestigious for a particular period of time and then disappearing into disuse?Table 1 in the Appendix lists the 100 most popular baby names of 2013 (along with the total number of newborns that received a particular name) and clearly shows that the names chosen for newborns in Slovenia are now a mix of original Slovene names (e.g.Svit, Bor, Gaber, Živa, Ajda, Zarja), completely nativised names of various foreign origins, and fashionable name borrowings that stand out as recent additions.Among the completely nativised names we find those of Biblical origin and names of saints.These have mostly been in use for decades, if not centuries, particularly New Testament names with some (now popular) shortened variants (e.g.Luka, Marko, Simon, Janez and its variant Jan, Matej and its variants Matic, Matevž, Matija, Tevž), and the names of popular saints in many variants (e.g.Jakob, Jaka; Neža; Ema; Ana and its variants Anja, Anika, Aneja; Nikolaja and its more popular shorter version Nika).Many Old Testament names, on the other hand, although familiar to the Slovene population, have, traditionally, not been used as first names, so that names like Sara, Rebeka, Izak, and Adam are mainly found in the young generation.It is quite probable that some popular shortened forms from these long established names have been produced under the English influence and can therefore have English source ascribed to them (e.g.Nik either as shortened from Nikolaj/Niko or from English Nick; Mark from traditional Marko or from English Mark; Tim from traditional Timotej or from English Tim; Leo from traditional Leonard/Leon or from English Leo).Val, Neli, and Evelin in the list could potentially (also) have English source (see also Lenarčič 2012: 797, 598, 231, who advocates their English origin).
When considering the degree of nativisation of these names, three factors are of crucial importance: the longevity of the name, its frequency/popularity, and its form.Thus, if a name has been used for a long enough period of time, has been popular and thus frequently used, and if its written and spoken form allow for rapid adaptation, the remarkability of the name may all but disappear.Thus, many of these names from foreign sources and adopted long ago (e.g.Erik, Aleksander, Uroš, Karin, Lili, Maša, Doris, Lara, Nina) are nowadays not felt to be foreign at all.Quite often we may find variants of what is essentially the same name at different degrees of nativisation, e.g. the nativised forms Sofija/Zofija along with the forms Sofia/Zoja with a still foreign touch to them.The list brings a number of names taken from foreign sources that are mainly recent imports and are currently popular as prestigious fashionable borrowings, e.g.Jon from Scandinavian languages, Rene, Žan, Žana, Žak, Marcel from French, Aleksej, Jaša, Zoja, Larisa from Russian.The source language of some others may be more difficult to pin down (Val could be English, but could also be original Slovene, Oskar, Alex/Aleks and Max/Maks could be modelled either on English or German; forms like Tian, Tijan, Lian, Tai, Taj are probably products of parents' imagination).The names that can be ascribed English source are written in bold in Table 1, though their respective origins may not be English but most often Celtic (e.g.Liam, Alen, Ian, Kevin, Tara) or some other (e.g.Zara, which is of Arabic origin).
A quantitative analysis of the frequency/popularity of the names from Table 1 shows that 7742 (out of 10804) newborn boys and 7239 (out of 10307) newborn girls in Slovenia have been given one of the top 200 names.Of these, 5625 boys (72.66 %) were given original Slovene or completely nativised names, and 2117 (27.34 %) were given names whose foreignness is still palpable.Of the 7239 baby girls born in Slovenia in 2013 with one of the top 200 names, 5542 girls (76.56 %) were given original Slovene or completely nativised names, and 1697 girls (23.44 %) were given names that may still sound foreign.

CONCLUSION
We can therefore conclude that the share of personal names recently borrowed from foreign sources is on the rise among the Slovene population; however, the influence of the English language as a source is not prevalent here as its share amounts to approximately six per cent of the most popular names used in the last decade.Regionally, the preference for foreign (-sounding and looking) name forms is more marked in certain bordering areas of Slovenia, particularly in Prekmurje and in the Littoral.What sets borrowed names apart from ordinary anglicisms is their 'resistance' to certain aspects of adaptation: the original spelling is often preserved, and sometimes the phonetic adaptation is only partial.The borrowed item probably also does not convey the same The currency of Edo is rare according to the national statistics, but Edi is somewhat more popular.Edi has made it into the list of top 200 names in 1951-1960 (127 th place), 1961-1970 (134 th place), 1971-1980 (197 th place), and again in 1991-2000 (189 th place), probably due to increasing popularity of short names, ranking highest in Primorska.Edith Of female names, Edita can be traced back to the English form Edith (from OE: Eadgyth/Eadgyō).It was recorded before 1930 and has had a rare but constant presence since.It prevails in Štajerska, Koroška and Prekmurje. 10 Table1in the Appendix).Lenarčič (2012: 887) also points out that many parents of Bosnian origin show a preference for names which are neither real Muslim names nor typical Slovene names (e.g.Elvis, Almira), while parents of Serbian or Croatian or mixed origin opt for names which are French, English, or in some other way foreignsounding.A similar trend has been observed in France with parents of Arab origin, who often choose a Greek name like Yannis/Yanis, the form of which may be reminiscent of Arab names, to avoid the traditional Christian variant Jean (seeLenarčič 2012: 342).used as a personal name until 1971 when it started to appear in the national statistics.It entered the list of top 200 personal names in 1981-1990 decade (155 th place), and the next decades saw an even steeper rise in its popularity.It was the 50 th most popular name in the 1990s, and rose to the 33 rd place in 2001-2013.The name ranks highest in Primorska and Prekmurje.Also statistically recorded since 1971 is the foreign form Patrick, this was likewise on the rise in 1991-2000 (110 th place) and 2001-2013 (150 th place).This form ranks highest in Prekmurje. 12in Not to be left out from the present study are some names of Celtic origin that have been introduced into Slovene in their anglicized forms.These are mostly recent additions to the pool of personal names used in Slovenia (see Table1in the Appendix).Thus, Kevin can be traced back to Irish Caoimhín.The name has been recorded by SURS from 1971 onwards, and experienced a sharp rise between 1991 and 2013.While unknown before 1970, it made it to the 69 th rank in 1991-2000, and ranked 80 th in2001-2013.13